美国研究生STEM教育最新核心能力——政策脉络、标准框架及培养路径

美国研究生STEM教育核心能力框架为其高科技人才培养提供了理论基础。基于对《21世纪研究生STEM教育》报告中美国硕士与博士研究生STEM教育的最新核心能力分析,形成2项一级指标、4项二级指标和26项三级指标的最新核心能力标准框架。跨学科多元教育要素整合的内生路径和多元利益主体协作的外促路径,构成了美国研究生STEM教育核心能力培养路径。我国研究生教育亟需构建基于类型和专业的研究生核心能力框架;强化学科能力各要素的关系研究,完善专业能力的内容与考核机制;明确可转移能力的具体内容,制定多元的培养路径;立足协同多元利益主体,建立研究生核心能力联动培养机制。

The Latest Core Competencies of American Graduate STEM Education: Policy Context,Standard Framework and Training Path

The core competencies of American postgraduate STEM education provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of high-level talent in the United States. Based on the analysis of the latest core competencies of STEM education for US postgraduates and doctoral students in the report "Graduate STEM Education for the 21 st Century", the authors have formed a new core competency standard framework featuring two first-level indicators, four second-level indicators and 26 third-level indicators. The endogenous path that is integrated with interdisciplinary multi-education elements and the external promotion path featuring multi-stakeholder collaboration constitute a cultivating path for the core competencies of American postgraduate STEM education. This paper proposes that it is urgent for China to build a core competency framework for postgraduates based on the academic types and majors, strengthen the research on the relationship between subject competency elements and improve the content and assessment mechanism of professional competencies;clarify the specific content of transferable competencies and formulate multiple training paths;and establish a linkage training mechanism for the core competencies of postgraduates based on coordination among different stakeholders.