政府部门如何管理高校教学 ——基于331份教学类行政公文的内容分析

行政公文是理解我国大学与政府关系的重要文本资料。对2017-2019年政府部门下发到某省属普通本科高校公开可见的331份教学类行政公文进行内容分析,结果发现:不同领域的公文数量呈现出不均衡的特点,管理内容具有全程性和层次性的特点;引导配置、规范约束和组织协调是政府部门管理教学的主要方式。政府部门通过引导配置所产生的资源依赖型发展模式,与规划指导、绩效考核和监督检查所建立的规范约束功能,以及信息管理、任务布置和服务保障所提供的组织协同方式结合在一起,共同管理和引导着高校发展;管理理念上的简化逻辑以高效、可计量、可预测和可控制为特征,兼具认知和控制功能,不仅帮助政府部门高效、清晰地掌握高等教育发展现状,而且有利于对高等教育实施管理和引导。

How the Government Regulates the Academic Administration in Universities:A Content Analysis Based on 331 Administrative Documents

Administrative documents are the important textual materials for understanding the relationship between universities and the government in China.The content analysis of 331 administrative documents regarding academic administration issued by the government to a provincial general undergraduate university from 2017 to 2019 revealed that:the number of official documents in different fields was unbalanced,and the governance content had the characteristics of full-process and hierarchical nature.The most important regulation methods were inductive allocation,normative restraint,and organizational coordination.The government has used the resourcedependent development model generated through the inductive allocation,and the normative restraint method established through planning guidance,performance appraisal and supervision and inspection,as well as the organizational coordination method constructed by information management,task arrangement and service guarantee,to regulate and guide the development of the university.The simplified logic of the regulation concept was characterized by high efficiency,measurability,predictability,and controllability.It had both cognitive and control functions,which not only helped the government to clearly understand the actual situation of higher education,but also helped strengthen the ability to control higher education system.