土地私有化与土地社会化:俄国农民问题症结的历史考察

俄国农民问题由来已久，最大的问题就是土地不归土地使用者所有。俄国的土地随着军事扩张而逐渐扩大，并历史地形成了村社土地所有制、僧俗地主土地所有制和国家土地所有制。俄国土地所有制反映了社会政治关系，并形成了统治与服从的特点。随着俄国的西方化，这种关系逐步加强，并引发社会对抗。解决俄国农民问题不在于自上而下确立个人土地所有制，而是让农民安居乐业。农民安居乐业必须从思想和法律上确立劳动的崇高地位开始，壮大社会力量，改变社会关系，进而转变政府职能。从这个意义上讲，土地社会化比土地私有化更为可取。

Privatization of Land or Socialization of Land:The Grux of Peasant Problem in Tsarist Russia

The peasant problem in Russia is long standing and the crux is that the land wasn't owned by the peasants.Land in Russia was slowly expanded with the military expansion and historically had formed the village ownership of the land,the landlord ownership of the land and the state ownership of the land.Russia's land-ownership system reflected its social-political relationship and formed the rule-obedience relationship,causing social antagonism along with westernization of Russia.The way of solving the peasant problem in Russia wasn't to establish individual land-ownership from up to down,but to make peasant life and work in peace and contentment.In this sense,socialization of the land was more useful than private ownership of the land.