20世纪散文思潮的演变

纵观20世纪散文的发展，可以清晰地看到散文思潮的发展与人的心灵发展相一致，经历了几次较大的涨落起伏，这一过程始终与整个社会的思想文化发展相伴随。在思想解放、个性自由发展的时代，抒发内心情感的散文就得以较大发展；反之，在个性被压抑、人的理性之光被遮蔽的情况下，散文的发展就会被抑制。五四时期和20年代，人的意识的觉醒成为散文蓬勃发展的内在动因，这一时期的散文体现了追求精神自由的强烈愿望和丰富的个性色彩；30、40年代散文在价值取向上发生了重大变化，作家投身社会现实的热情决定了散文由关注内心向关注社会生活转移，同时，表现为文体的转型，即抒情性作品的弱化和杂文、报告文学的兴起；建国后前十七年，时代“大我”和集体意志淹没了个人情怀，最终导致“自我”的彻底遗失；新时期散文在较为自由宽松的时代氛围中重现丰富的文化个性，形成多种散文形态共存的多元对话局面，散文因此迎来真正繁荣的局面。

The Development Trend of the Prose in the 20th Century

The broad view of the development of prose in twentieth Century has brought us the clear consistence for the development between the trend thought of prose and the soul of mankind. Experiencing several times of big rises and falls, the prose which has been accompanied with the development of the ideological literature and art of whole society from the very beginning. During the years of ideal liberation and individual development in freedom, the prose in which expresses the personal inner world has gotten obvious developments. But on the contrary, under the circumstances while the personality was depressed and the rational sparks from the human being were covered up, the development of the prose would be suppressed. In the period of 'the May 4th Movement'(1919) and the era of the twenties last century, the awakening of the ideology of people had become the individual intention for the vigorous develop of prose and essay. So the prose and essay in this period expressed the strong desire for pursuing the spiritual freedom and plentiful individual colour. But in thirtieth and fortieth last century great changes took place of prose in concept of value. The writer's enthusiasm of going into the social reality decided the transferring from the inner world to social life. At the same time what had been shown as transforming direction of the literal forms, should be the weakening of the lyric works and the rising of the essay and reportage. In the first 17 years after the founding of New China, the age of 'enlarged self'and the collective will submerged individual feelings. No wonder it enabled the losing of 'enlarged self' completely at last. So the prose expressed again the rich literal personality in the atmosphere of freedom and relaxation. Since the good situation the prose began to receive the real brand new aspect of flourishing