情态意义、否定辖域和动词体的选择——一项以俄语语料库为基础，以英语情态意义研究为参照的跨语言对比研究

通过分析俄语语料库中的例句,并通过与相应的英语情态意义研究的对比发现:在俄语语言处理过程中存在三个不确定因素(情态意义的不确定性,动词体的选择,否定提升);三者之间的相互影响容易导致对句子意义的歧义理解。尝试提出下述观点:自然语言乃至机器语言中消除歧义的理想解决方案是使一个情态词语只匹配一个情态意义;使一种否定的线性顺序只具备一个管辖领域;动词体的选择也具有唯一性。从对实际语料的分析中可以看出,现代俄语的确有依靠句法手段来决定否定辖域的方法逐渐让位于语义手段的演变趋势。

Modal meaning,negative scope and choice of verbal aspect:a cross-linguistic contrastive study based on Russian corpus and with reference to study of English modal meaning

On the basis of analyzing the examples in the Corpus of Russian Language in Uppsala U- niversity,and by comparing with corresponding English modals,this paper identifies three linguistic processes to be in operation at the same time in Russian processing:the uncertainty of modal meanings; the choice of verbal aspect;the raising of negatives.The interaction among the three factors tends to lead to ambiguity of the comprehension of Russian sentences.The ideal solution to disambiguate natural utterances or machine language is to establish a one-to-one matching relationship between a modal verb and a modal meaning;between a linear order and a negative scope;a verb and an aspect.From the an- alyses of actual corpus,it is shown that there exists the trend in modem Russian that the syntactic means,which determine the negative scope,is giving way to the semantic means gradually.