功盖千古 启牖后人──论顾炎武对-k尾入声的离析及其贡献

对－ｋ尾入声的离析,是顾炎武对古音学研究的一个重要贡献。论析顾炎武在《唐韵正》里主要离析的屋沃烛觉药铎陌麦昔锡１０个带－ｋ尾的入声韵,并予以归类分析。其中屋韵分为３支,其余９韵一分为二。如药韵“药栎弱虐爵约跃绰”归宵部,“略若惹缚攫著却”归鱼部。其离析之精当,段玉裁、戴震、江有诰等曾有过高度评价,而清儒及今人入声韵研究在很大程度上得力于此。

On Gu Yan-wu's Division of k-end ru-sheng Rime Category

Gu Yan-wu （顾炎武） divided ru-sheng (入声) rime categories. It is his important contribution to the archaic Chinese phonology. In his book Tang Yun Zheng (唐韵 正), one of Yin-xue Wu-shu (音韵五书 ), Gu Yan-wu devided mainly k-end ru-sheng rime category: Wu 屋, Wo 沃, Zhu 烛, Jue 觉, Yao药, Duo 铎, Mo 陌, Mai ,麦 Xi昔,Xi锡 -ten in all. Among these rimes, the rime category Wu was divided into three branches. Each of the other nine rime category was divided into two branches. For example, rime category Yao 药 was divided into two parts: (A) the rime characters "药栎弱虐谑爵约跃绰”; etc. (B) the rime characters“略若惹缚攫著却”, etc. The rime characters in group (A) were matched with rime category Xiao 宵, (B) groups belonged to rime category Yu 鱼. It was accepted by later generations, because his division was very precise and appropriate. Gu's followers, such as Duan Yu-cai (段玉裁), Dai Zhen (戴震) and Jiang You--gao (江有浩), agreed fully with Gu's division of ru-sheng. They gained a good deal of enlightnment from his study. In the opinions of his followers, Gu's discovery was his own discovery and was beyond his follower Jiang Yong (江永). Great advances had been made by Qing scholars and mordern phonologists in the field of the archaic Chinese phonology. It was they who actually based their study on Gu's discovery to a great extent.