清末政治改革中的满汉民族因素

在清末预备立宪的政治改革中,满汉关系极为敏感,至为关键,始终是一个重要制约因素。满洲贵族集团囿于狭隘的自身利益,唯恐在这一改革中失去统治特权,故表面上大张旗鼓,煞有介事,实际上却在敷衍、拖延、欺骗,乃至镇压立宪派要求推进改革的国会请愿运动,并利用改革加强对最高统治权力尤其是军权的控制,最后竟改出一个"皇族内阁"。满洲贵族统治集团极端自私腐朽,冥顽不化,无力超越自身的狭隘利益,终导致这场政治改革的失败。

The National Element in the Political Reform at the Late Qing

In the political reform at the Late Qing,the sensitive and critical relation of Manchu and Han always serves as an important restrictive element.Limited by their illiberal interests,Manchu aristocrat group feared to lose their power in this reform,so pretended to be serious on surface but in fact they delayed,cheated and even suppressed the movement of Petition to Congress and strengthened their control over the top power,the army power in particular.The Manchu aristocrat group is extremely selfish,rotten,stubborn,and unable to transcend their narrow interests,which lead to the lost of the political reform.