论蒙古族的生业方式与生态

生业方式是适应生活环境与生产实践形成的,以衣、食、住、行为主要内容的生存方式。由于生活环境与生产实践的不同,生业方式也形成不同的模式和特色。从生态学的角度来说,不同的生业方式也产生不同的生态功能,如与自然界和谐相处的狩猎文明、游牧文明以及与此相适应的狩猎、游牧生业方式会较大程度的保护生态环境,而把自然界当作改造对象、征服对象的工业文明以及与此相适应的工业化的生业方式对生态环境则起较大的破坏作用等。生业方式是生态化的,早期蒙古的经济生活决定了其生业方式的生态化,这一点也能从能量学原理和种群学说得到说明。

ON MONGOLIAN LIFE STYLE AND ECOLOGY

Life style, or existing way, is formed by adapting people themselves to surroundings and productive practice, which consists of food, clothing, shelter and transportation - basic necessities of life. Diffterent paterns of life style with specific features are formed due to different surroundings and productive practice. From the angle of ecology, various ecological functions grow out of various life styles. For example, hunting civilization, normadic civilization living harmaneously with nature as well as adaptable hunting and normadic life styles will protect ecological environment to a greater extent, whereas industrial civilization and its adaptable industrialized life style which regard nature as transforming and conquering objects will play a greater destructive role in ecological environment.In the early days Mongolian life style was ecological, which was decided by their economic life and which can be accounted for energy principle and racial colony.