《老子》的象喻言道方式及其诗学意义

面对"道"难以言明的困境,《老子》采用了"以象言道"的方式。"象喻"是《老子》特殊的言道方式,具体表现为:取譬引喻,以水、谷等自然之"象"形容"道";执象悟道,由草木、婴儿等"象"体悟"道";以物观物,通过对"象"的整体直观抵达"道"之本质。这种言道方式是诗性的,对后世文学创作与文学批评产生了极其重要的影响,催生了意象论及"以象喻文"话语方式,开启了对澄明本真之境的审美追求。

The Way of Explaining Tao by Xiang Yu in Laozi and Its Poetic Significance

Faced with the dilemma to explain "Tao", Laozi adopts the method of "describing the Tao by means of Xiang(image)". "Xiang yu" is a special way of expressing the Tao in Laozi. It is expressed in the following ways: using analogies and metaphors, which describes the Tao in terms of natural "Xiang" such as water and grain; comprehending the Tao by means of the Xiang, which understands the Tao through the "Xiang" of grass, trees and babies; observing object with object, which reaches the essence of the Tao through the holistic intuition of the Xiang. This way of explaining Tao is poetic and has a significant impact on later literary production and criticism. It gives birth to the theory of imagism and the use of Xiang as a metaphor in the article writing, and opens up the aesthetic pursuit of clarity and authenticity.