争取同等待遇：1924—1926年私立大学的“法款”之争

中华民国北京政府出台了一系列的法律法规，赋予了私立大学办学的“合法性”，但始终将其置于国立大学之“辅助”地位。既是“辅助”，即分“主次”“优劣”，私立大学也就难享有与国立大学“大体平等的地位”。民初政府这一办学定位在一定程度上制约了私立大学的生存与发展，加剧了私立大学的办学困境。本文以1924—1926年私立大学争取法国退还庚款（简称“法款”）为例，呈现私立大学在款项分配中遭遇的不平等待遇，以及为争取与国立大学同等待遇所付出的努力和尝试。对此问题的探讨，有助于从制度层面分析民初私立大学的生存困境，以及客观评价私立大学的办学贡献。

Striving for Equal Treatment:Struggle of Private Universities for the Return of Boxer Indemnity From 1924 to 1926

During the Republic of China period, the Beijing Government promulgated a series of laws and regulations that granted "legitimacy" to the operation of private universities, but consistently placed them in a "auxiliary" position relative to national universities. This "auxiliary" role implied a ranking of "priority" and "inferiority", and made it difficult for private universities to enjoy a "generally equal" status with national universities. This positioning of private universities during the early Republican period to some extent constrained their survival and development, exacerbating their operational difficulties. This article takes the example of the return of boxer indemnity from 1924 to 1926, which involved the efforts of private universities to obtain the return of funds owed to them by France (referred to as "the Tuition"), to present the unequal treatment that private universities faced in the allocation of funds, as well as the efforts and attempts they made to strive for equal treatment with national universities. The exploration of this issue is helpful for analyzing the survival difficulties of private universities during the early Republican period from an institutional perspective, and objectively evaluating their contributions to education.