不同体制下农户农田生产活动差异分析——新疆地方村庄与兵团连队的对比

通过对52家地方村庄农户、82家兵团连队职工家庭”的调查，分析了处于同一自然环境下、生产类型相似、生产技术水平相当的新疆地方村庄与兵团连队（简称地方和兵团）生产行为主体的农田生产活动。得出如下结论：④兵团与地方农户的农田生产要素投入差距较小，但投入结构差异较大；前者不受非直接投入性要素影响．而后者深受其影响；②兵团农户的农田产出资金额显著高于地方，二者受直接投入性要素的影响均强于非直接投入性要素，但影响因素结构不同；③兵团农户的农田生产效率显著高于地方，且差异显著。二者均与非直接投入性要素的相关性较强，影响因素亦不同。进一步分析发现，体制因素对农田投入及生产效率影响显著。最后提出，在农业生产方面，兵团连队与地方村庄应相互借鉴，加大体制改革与创新，为我国转变农业发展方式提供参照。

Production Activity Differences of Farmland among Rural Households under Different Administrative Systems:Comparative analysis between local villages in Xinjiang and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

In the case of certain technology, the administrative system plays a huge role in stimulating the enthusiasm of rural households to farm, improving farming field management, reducing production costs and improving agricultural productivity, etc. Exploring different production activities of households under different administrative systems during the same period and at the same region can effectively explain the administrative system’s impacts on production behaviors of rural households. With the first hand survey data, including 52 local rural households and 82 crops company households, which were collected during the period of Jan. 6 and Feb.8 in 2010 at Hutubi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, this paper has carried on statistical analysis and related analysis of different elements by using Eviews7.0、SPSS18.0, and discussed the differences of production behaviors of rural households between Xinjiang Crops Company and local villages. The results show that: 1) Crops Company has higher input within per unit farming field than local villages, and the former has different input structure from the latter. Besides, the output of per unit farming field as well as production efficiency of Crops Company are significantly higher than local villages’; ultimately, the production efficiency is different under different administrative systems; 2) Administrative system can affect production activities of household by regulating human’s activities and the relationship between human and cropland as well as different people. Different land contracts and distribution mechanisms bring different levels of technology in agricultural production and management; the administrative system of production purchase and agricultural marketing directly impact household production efficiency. In addition, administrative system has indirect impact on household production activities by interfering in the combination of production factors. For example, the size of farming field of per household directly affects planting structure and indirectly influences household’s production behavior; since most labors of Crops Company are immigrants, and most labors of local villages are indigenous people, the cultural awareness of households indirectly acts on households’production behavior. At last, Corps Company and local village should learn from each other to enhance the system reform and innovation in agricultural production to provide reference for our country in changing the development model of agriculture.