生态调水前后塔河下游湿地时空变化监测简

湿地作为干旱区一种重要而特殊的生态系统，具有很强的环境指示性。为了准确地认识和评估人工生态输水对塔里木河下游湿地生态环境修复的成效。文章通过遥感技术手段，动态地监测了人工应急生态输水前后塔里木河下游的湿地景观变化。研究结果表明：通过10余次的人工生态输水，在总体上改变了流域湿地长期持续减少的状态，流域范围内湿地总面积呈现稳中有增，湿地生态环境得到了明显改善。其中，河流湿地和湖泊湿地变化过程呈现“V”型逆转，面积有着显著的增加；沼泽湿地减少的速度得到明显遏制，动态度由1990-2000年的-5.35 %降低到2000-2010年-1.09 %；此外，下游河道断流现象得到改善，尾闾湖——台特玛湖在干涸了近30年后重现恢复往日生机。说明了塔河人工生态调水对下游的湿地生态环境拯救起到了积极的作用。以上研究可为塔河的综合治理提供有益的科学依据和决策支持。

Wetland Dynamic Monitoring and Change Analysis in Downstream of the Tarim River by Remote Sensing Around Ecological Water Diversion

Wetlands are a special and important ecosystem in arid zones and play a huge role in regional environments because they are ecologically fragile and ecologically indicative. Due to increased human activities and over-exploitation of water resource in its upper reaches, the downstream Tarim River dried up in 1972 and since then more than 300km of river has dried. In order to save this increasingly degraded environment the Chinese Government decided to transfer water downstream using artificial measures. From 2000 to 2011, Xinjiang has 11 times completed the diversion of 30 billion cubic meters of water. In order to accurately investigate and assess the effectiveness of artificial ecological water diversion to downstream wetlands, we used remote sensing data for 1990, 2000 and 2010 to monitor wetland ecological environmental changes before and after this artificial ecological emergency delivery. The results show that, by more than 10 times the artificial ecological water transport, the wetland environment has been improved and the status of downstream river courses has been restored. The downstream rivers and lakes have increased and the trend towards reducing marsh wetlands has been controlled. The total area of wetlands in the watershed has steadily increased. These results suggest that artificial ecological water transport has played a positive role in salvation of downstream wetland ecological environments.