基于道德品格存在之争的品格构建及其启示

经典的亚里士多德的品格观遭到了以哈曼和多里斯为首的情境论哲学家的挑战,但他们对于品格的理解存在着过多注重行为的气质性倾向,以至于把行为的气质性倾向等同于品格特质的偏差。而品格的构成,不仅包含着作为品格外在表征的行为气质性倾向,而且还包含道德信念以及道德义务影响行为的气质性倾向的本质和程度等内在因素。因此,品格构建应着力通过自我调控来缩小道德义务与行为的气质性倾向之间的差距。而品格构建的现实启示就是品格的教育需注重外在的行为与内在的道德心理;细微的情境因素都可能影响主体的道德心理和道德行为,导致道德偏差的出现;需要加强对情境的控制,但决不能否认品格的存在。

Character Building Based on the Debate of Whether Moral Character Exists and Its Enlightenment

Classic Aristotelian conception of has been challenged by philosophers of situationaism led by Harman and Doris.They paid much attention to behavioral dispositions in their understanding of the character,so as to equate behavioral dispositions with character traits.The composition of the character,not only contains behavioral dispositions which are the external signs of the character,but also includes internal factors,such as the moral beliefs and the nature and degree to which one′s moral commitments influence one′s behavioral dispositions.Therefore,character building should focus on self-regulation to narrow the gap between moral commitments and behavioral dispositions.The realistic enlightenment of character building is that the character of education needs to not only focus on external behavior but also on internal moral psychology;subtle situational factors may influence the moral psychology and moral behavior,leading to the appearance of moral fallibility;we need to strengthen the control of the situation,but never deny the existence of the character.