20年来余华研究综述

从第一篇余华研究论文《一月清新的风》到2007年5月,对余华的研究已有23个年头。到目前为止,余华研究大体上从五个方面展开:1.在对余华创作观的探讨方面,余华主张的"精神真实"及其文本背离现状的"虚伪的形式"是研究热点。他以决绝的姿态对不可信的现实进行反叛和颠覆,往往把生活提纯后放在自己的逻辑框架中,结果阉割了生活的原生态,给批评者留下了把柄;2.在先锋精神与创作转型领域,研究者难以达成共识,怀疑者认为余华从1980年代愤怒地写作到1990年代虚伪地活着;肯定者认为余华与现实的敌对关系并未根本缓和;3.在其作品的表现世界里,批评家相继发现了暴力、死亡、苦难、欲望几个关键词,指出这缘于他对暴力形式的迷恋,也缘于其童年在医院长大的经历;4.在关于余华"怎么写"的文本形式研究中,对其作品的叙述语言、文类颠覆、重复叙事等层面的研究经久不衰,而且呈现出"细化"倾向;5.在关于本土和外来影响层面,余华和鲁迅的许多小说都因关注了人性的阴暗残忍而受到研究者的关注;至于川端康成如何影响了余华的创作等方面的研究还不够。

The Summary of Studies on Yu Hua in the Recent Twenty Years

From the first research paper "the January Fresh Wind" on Yu Hua to May,2007,the research work on Yu Hua has developed for 23 years.Up to the present,the studies are launched form five aspects: First,in the aspect of the writer's literature view,the "spirit of truth" which Yu Hua advocates and the departure of his novels from the present situation by "the false form" are the main issues.Second,it is difficult to reach a consensus on the vanguard of the "pioneer spirit" and creative transformation.Third,in his novels' performance world,the critics have discovered several key words: violence,death,misery,desire.Fourth,in the research of the text form,the researchers constantly describe the works by narration language,the genre subversion,the repetition narrates,and such studies show "thinning" tendency.Fifth,in the impact of local and foreign levels,Lu Xun,Kawabata and Kafka are undoubtedly the objects which researchers are ready to compare with Yu Hua.