守望家园--家庭伦理的当代境遇

在原初意义上,家庭具备生育、经济、教化和关怀功能。在不同的经济组织方式、生活方式和生活理念的背景下,家庭的原初功能会分离、弱化甚至消失。这主要是由于社会“配置性资源”与“权威性资源”在不同人群以及男女两性之间的新的配置方式,女性可在新的配置方式中获得相当份额的缘故。当婚姻与家庭的当事人只是依照自己的意愿去建构和解构婚姻与家庭,而在客观上没有伤害他人和社会时,其伦理性为弱势;当这种建构与解构客观上殃及他人、子女的利益时,其行为的伦理性为强势。人类家庭及其伦理的当代形态所涉及到的不止是个人如何生活、想怎样生活的问题,更涉及到家庭在当代生活中到底具有何种价值以及如何实现这种价值的问题。解决这一问题的方向、方式,既受到社会整合方式的影响,又受到传统家庭伦理观念的制约。对此问题的研究,伦理分析是可能的,也是必要的维度。

Watching the Home: the Present Situation of Family Ethics

Family has,in the original sense,the functions of breeding,economy,edification and caring.And these functions would break,weaken and even disappear under different backgrounds,such as different economic organization,various ways of living and alternative ideologies.This is largely caused by the fact that new allocation of "dispositional resources "and "authorities resources" among groups and genders,and by the fact that females,in new way of disposition,usually obtain considerable shares.So when one who is involved in marriages and families construct and deconstruct the marriages and the families to one's own will but without hurting others or the whole society,his behaviours manifest a weak ethics;but when his behaviours hurt others,it possesses the strong ethical traits.What the present situation of human families and theirs ethics have is not only how the individuals make a living,but also what the values the families should prefer and the ways of realizing those values.And the ways as well as the orientations to solve this problem are affected by both the ways of the social integration and the traditional ethical ideas of family.Therefore,the ethical analysis might and must be a necessary dimension.