从结构主义走向建构主义的课程观及其启示

结构主义与建构主义的教育理论虽各有侧重,但在哲学、心理学依据上却有所关联,不可割裂。课程与教育观统一于学科结构,即学科的基本观念以及与这些观念相适应的形式化体系———知识结构。知识结构是学科的表层结构,随学生年龄的增长可螺旋式深入。基本观念是稳固的深层结构,以科学方法、科学过程为核心,是知识结构的组织线索和转换依据。建构的教学应兼顾结构的共性特点与建构的个性特质,追求对学科深层结构的理解,从而理解学科的本质,培养科学素养。

Curriculum Outlook from Structuralism to Constructivism & Its Revelation

Although the educational theories of structuralism and constructivism have their own emphasis, they are related and can't be separated. Curriculum and educational outlook should also be unified into subject structure, namely the basic notions of subjects and the knowledge structure which is a formalized system suitable for the notions. The knowledge structure is a surface structure and has a spire-increase as students grow up. The basic notions is a steady deep structure with scientific way and process as its core and is the basis of knowledge-structure organization and transformation. Constructive teaching should consist of both common characteristics of structure and individual character of construction. The subject essence can be understood and the subject quality can be developed by comprehending profound structure of subjects.