梁启超、章太炎、谭嗣同与近代文化社团

强学会封禁之后,梁启超、章太炎、谭嗣同各自撰写了为“学会”鼓呼的章,分析了学会在中国的命运,高度评价学会的作用,并对组建学会、开展活动作了设想。三人在学会背景下从事的学术研究,基于共同的民族危机和化危机时局,服务于改革救亡的目标,因而能把批判专制制度与讨论学弊结合,批评老学,主张民族化反省和强调民本位观念。但是三人在对待儒学、西学、孔教与佛教的态度上存有差异,对学会工作的重点以及如何处理学会内部的人际关系看法亦有所不同。章还贯穿着概述从“维新”到后“五四”这二三十年间化学术社团在中国化学术发展之链——化世家、地域性学派、书院、化社团、高校和科研院所——中的作用与地位的观点,并且认为维新时期的学会实为化社团这一环节的开端。

Liang Qi-chao,Zhang Tai-yan,Tan Si-tong and the Modern Cultural Organizations

After the prohibition of Qiang Xue-hui (Intensified Academic Society), Liang Qi-chao, Zhang Tai-yan and Tan Si-tong respectively wrote articles to propagate "the academic society", in which they analyzed the destiny of academic societies in China, highly appraised their function, and made tentative plans for the establishments and activities in future academic societies. The scholarly researches undertaken in the background of academic societies by them are based on the common national and cultural crisis. Serving the goal of reform and salvation of the nation, they could combine the critique of despotic system with the discussion of shortcomings of current scholarly research. Also they criticized Taoist theory, advocated that the national culture should engage in introspection and emphasized the people's initiative. On the other hand, they held different ideas to the relationship between Confucianism and western learning, Confucianism and Buddhism. They also had divergent attitudes towards the key works and how to deal with the interpersonal relationship inside the academic societies. The article has also expounded through the Chinese academic chain from the Reform Movement to post-May 4th Movement during those two to three decades, the functions and the status of the cultural academic organizations, culture aristocratic families, the regional academic schools, the academy, the cultural organizations, the universities and the research institute, etc. It holds that the academic societies during the Reform Movement period is actually the beginning of cultural organizations in this academic chain.