2000-2010年鄱阳湖地区生态系统服务价值空间格局及其动态演化

鄱阳湖地区是中国重要生态功能区和世界基金会划定的全球重要生态区。本文基于土地覆被遥感解译数据及其他辅助数据,运用基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值评估模型及相关分维、空间统计等分析方法,分析鄱阳湖地区2000-2010年生态系统服务价值空间格局及其动态演化。结果表明：①鄱阳湖地区生态系统服务价值总量较高,但价值净损失趋于加速,2000-2005年价值净损失1.10亿元,2005-2010年净损失2.47亿元;②生态系统服务价值空间格局的等级差异明显,中等价值单元分布均匀,高值单元分布集中,低值和较高值单元随机分布;③生态系统服务价值及其动态演化的空间自相关与高低值聚集现象明显,但其相关性与聚集程度趋于弱化;④“退耕还林”政策的实施促使生态系统服务价值增值并形成若干增值热点区,城市扩张与土地开发导致生态系统服务价值损失,并形成沿交通干线和水土资源富集区分布的价值损失冷点区。

Spatial patterns and dynamic evolution of ecosystem service values in Poyang Lake Region from 2000 to 2010

As a scientific methodology understanding human-land relationships,the analysis of ecosystem service values （ESV）has been widely accepted. Several studies have emphasized the importance of dynamic and spatial evaluation on ESV. The spatio-temporal patterns of ESV provide critical references in fields such as ecology monitoring and land use planning. Based on land cover data extracted from remote sensing images and other auxiliary data,we characterized spatial patterns and dynamic evolution in the Poyang Lake Region （PLR）from 2000 to 2010 using the expert knowledge based valuation model of ESV,correlation fractal,and spatial statistic methods. We found that from former five years to later five years the accumulated amount of ESV net loss increased from 110.42 to 246.55 million CNY,showing an accelerating net-loss trend,although it was still relatively high in the PLR. The ESV in the northern and middle regions of the PLR was higher than in other areas. Obvious differences in spatial patterns existed in different analysis units,in which medium value units distributed homogeneously,high value units aggregately,and low and sub-high value units randomly. We also found that hydrological systems with important ecological functions played critical roles in the formation and evolution of ESV spatial patterns. Significant spatial autocorrelation （SA）and high/low clustering （HLC）were identified for ESV and its dynamic changes. However,the level of SA and HLC has weakened,which may be consistent with the disorder and complexity of ecosystem change. We conclude that the Returning Farmland to Forest policy has brought increment of ESV and aggregation of high values （hot spots）. As such,urban sprawl and farmland development resulted in a loss of ESV and led to the distribution of low values （cold spots）along arterial traffic lines and areas with abundant water and land resources.