生态补偿价值评估体系研究

中国生态补偿机制的建立有一个关键环节和重要难点,即生态补偿价值的评估。本文通过对生态补偿机制构成要素的识别,围绕谁补偿给谁、补偿额度是多少、补偿资金从何处来、如何进行补偿以及补偿效果怎么样五个维度,从资金运作链和行为效应链分析了补偿机制的隐性运行机理。以此为基础,以自然资源类生态补偿为例,运用层次分析法建立生态补偿机制的价值评估体系。研究结果表明,在生态补偿价值评估中,应更加重视环境价值,同时应充分考虑空气洁净度、空气负离子含量、植被覆盖率和资源稀缺度等的价值或对生态系统的贡献程度。

Study on the system of assessing value of eco-compensation mechanisms

There are two main difficulties with establishing an eco-compensation mechanism in China. First,what is the mechanism of eco-compensation,that is,how and why does it work? Second,how do we assess the compensation value of ecological resources? It is necessary and urgent to establish ecological compensation mechanisms in China because the resource services' function of the ecosystems have been abused,environmental damage,a scarcity of environmental resources and lack of supply,and the excessive use of resources. The elements of the eco-compensation mechanism have been identified;the operation mechanism has been analyzed from funds chains and behavior chains. Ideas and the overall design of the framework focused on five dimensions： who compensates for whom,how much is the compensation amount,where are the compensation funds sourced from,how to compensate,and compensation effects. Taking eco-compensation of resources as an example and using Analytic Hierarchy Processes,we established a system of assessing the value of eco-compensation,and found that the environmental value should be highlighted in assessing eco-compensation value. Further,China should pay full attention to the values or contributions of these indicators,such as clean air,air negative ions,vegetation cover and resource scarcity.