《反兴奋剂运动员权利规则》审思

《反兴奋剂运动员权利规则》是由世界反兴奋剂机构下属的运动员委员会制定,执行委员会批准通过的首个明确规定运动员在反兴奋剂活动中权利的文件。作为运动员参与反兴奋剂活动的基础,该文件的制定与修订争议不断,多集中于文件名称、法律地位及其内容中不具有强制执行力的部分。在体育组织的干预下,起草者修改了文件的名称并澄清“这不是一份法律文件”,使该文件的意义与价值存疑。建议在日后的修订中慎重考虑文件名称的匹配性,在厘清该文件与《世界反兴奋剂条例》及国际标准关系的基础上,赋予其法律效力或给予象征性法律规则的地位,完善对受侵犯权利救济的指引,加快建立申诉处理机制。

Reflections on the Athletes' Anti-Doping Rights Act

The Athletes'' Anti-Doping Rights Act,formulated by the Athletes Committee and approved by the Executive Committee ofWorld Anti-Doping Agency, is the first document that clearly specifies therights of athletes in anti-doping activities. As the prerequisite for athletesto participate in anti-doping activities, the formulation and amendments ofthis document have been controversial, mainly focusing on its name, legalstatus, and the non-enforceable rights. With the intervention of sportsorganizations, the drafters revised the name of the document and claimed thatit was "not a legal document", which challenged the significance andvalue of the document. It is suggested that the document name should becarefully considered in the future amendments, the legal force or symboliclegal status should be given after clarifying the relationship between thedocument and the World Anti-Doping Code as well as international standards, theguidance on remedies for infringed rights should be improved, and a complainthandling procedure should be established.