徘徊于人文主义与实证主义之间——比较教育方法论的发展轨迹探析

纵观比较教育的发展史,比较教育方法论基本上遵循了实证主义与人文主义此消彼长、相互对立又相互融合的发展轨迹。以19世纪初实证主义的方法论为开端；到20世纪初,其方法论取向开始向人文主义一边倾斜；20世纪中期以后,又明显地回归为实证主义的方法论；20世纪后期,人文主义方法论在批判实证主义方法论的基础上又再度崛起,盛极一时的实证主义方法论终被淹没于百家争鸣的各种方法论之中。实证主义方法论与人文主义方法论之间如此的撞击与统整,最终将比较教育带入了当今的方法论多元化时期。

Wandering About Humanism and Positivism:Probing the Developmental Track in Comparative Education Methodology

Methodology is the significant symbol of the development of a subject.On the view of the history of comparative education,its methodologcal developement followed a track that Positivism and Humanism opposed and syncretized each other.Comparative Education methodology began with Positivism,while it inclined towards Humanism at the beginning of the 20th centuries.The methodology regressed Positivism at metaphase of the 20th centuries.And the Humanism grew up again on the basis of criticizing Positivism at the end of the 20th centuries. Positivism was submerged in the debate about methodology.The impact and integrity between Positivism and Humanism brought Comparative Education into a period that the development of methodology towards a multiplex direction.