从北京话AB式拟声词看现代汉语的两种构词原则

北京话中AB式拟声词遵循一种语音原则，即语音在后一音节上得到延展或突出。而汉语中“名＋名”式合成词的语义原则是“语义值大→语义值小”，当语义原则跟语音原则发生冲突时，这类合成词在语音上就会作出适当调整。汉语方言中的嵌-l-词，本质上是一种语音构词，符合汉语构词的语音原则。

The Two Principles of Word Formation in Modern Chinese Seen from the AB Type Onomatopoeia in Beijing Dialect

The AB type onomatopoeia in Beijing Dialect follows a kind of phonetic principle, which means the sound in the latter syllable becomes longer or prominent. The semantic principle of the “noun＋noun” type compound in Chinese is “from the big semantic value to the small semantic value”. When the semantic principle conlficts with the phonetic principle, the sound of these compounds will make suitable changes. The embedded words in Chinese dialects are a kind of phonetic word-formation in essence, following the phonetic principle of Chinese word-formation.