英国工业革命时期的工厂管理及特点探究

英国工业革命时期，随着工厂制度的确立，现代工厂的管理制度也逐渐形成。工厂主制定了严格的规章制度，并且通过罚款、解雇和体罚等强制措施迫使工人服从，从而保证了工厂的纪律。他们还运用复式簿记的方式实现了对生产成本和企业利润的核算；通过对产品质量的把关，确立了对生产过程的监督；通过制定恰当的销售方案，促进了市场的开发，这些都直接促使了工厂管理制度的建立。但是，由于工业革命时期工厂的所有权和管理权尚未分离，真正的管理阶层还没有完全形成，所以那时的工厂管理还处于工厂管理的初级阶段，即家长式或父权制的管理，也就是企业家直接管理工厂，而且也只是初步实现了对工人的管理和对生产过程及产品的管理。

Probing into Industrial Management and Characteristics during the Period of British Industrial Revolution

Modern industrial management gradually comes into being along with the establishment of the factory system during the British Industrial Revolution.The factory owners work out strict rules and systems to guarantee the factory's discipline by the means of fine,fire and physical punishment.They also use the book-keeping measure to realize the business accounting and establish the working supervision,which directly promote the establishment of factory managing system.However,the real managing level has not formed,so the factory management at that time remains in the early stage,that is,the family type or the patriarchy system.The owners directly manage factories tentatively fulfilling the management of workers,working process and products.