试论元散曲的鼎足对艺术

鼎足对是元散曲的一种独特对仗形式,是元人小令中在“量”与“质”两方面都居绝对首位的对仗。它主要包括如下几种体式：篇首鼎足对、篇尾鼎足对、首尾鼎足对、叠字鼎足对、一字豆鼎足对、特殊鼎足对等。鼎足对在元散曲中的繁荣,显示了我国诗歌发展史上诗互动整合的现象,是对二元对仗思维的一种突破,也是元散曲“曲不厌巧”艺术特色的显现,但运用不当,则往往产生相反的效果。

On Tripartite Antithesis Art of Non-dramatic Songs of Yuan Dynasty

Tripartite antithesis is a particular form of antithesis adopted by non-dramatic song of Yuan Dynasty. This paper discusses its artistic status among Yuan's single sanqus,which is primary both on the side of "quantity" and of "quality". It also analyzes tripartite antithesis's formula,including beginning-located,ending-located,beginning-ending-located,word-reduplicated,first-word-evocable,irregular-formed and etc. Tripartite antithesis combines poem and prose,breaks through the thinking of dualistic antithesis,and shows an artistic feature of Yuan's single sanqus,which is its unlimited purse of skillful forms. But the improper use of it often brings about the self-defeating effect.