略论民初中国乡村社会控制结构的失衡

中国传统的乡村社会控制结构是“皇权与绅权”的二元式权力控制结构,与以儒家文化为主导的官僚政治相表里,十分稳定,使国家政权与乡村社会处于一种相对平衡状态,是中国封建社会超常稳定的重要因素之一.但随着近代以来西方列强的入侵,各种异质性因素增多,促使这一社会控制结构逐渐发生变化,主要表现在：绅权的显著扩张,地方军事化、匪化等各种大规模社会失范现象出现.上述现象产生的社会后果就是原有的乡村社会控制结构趋于解体,“国家-社会”间的平衡关系被打破,绅权劣化.这是中国社会在从传统向现代转型的过程中发生的最显著的变化之一,致使广大乡村社会逐渐陷于深刻的危机之中.导致控制结构失衡的原因在于政治、经济和社会等诸方面,包括因政治危机和王朝鼎革而引发的国家合法性危机、转型期国家政权所面临的财政压力、士绅离乡与乡村社会权威痞化等.整个中国社会所遭遇的是全面危机,中国社会的重构已无法按照原有的模式进行.

A Brief Discussion on the Imbalance of Social Control Structure in Chinese Country in Early Days of Republic China

During the social process in modem China,the duality power control structure on imperial power and gentleman's power had changed in traditional rural society,the most part of the rural society had got into the full-scale conjuncture and plague when the old balance between the state and the society has been broken.The reason of the changes on the structure is that the traditional rural society was encountering the crisis.It indicates that the reconfiguration of Chinese society could not go according to the old pattern.