论政治制度安排的逻辑起点

制度安排意味着规约人的行为并建立和维持一定的秩序。要建立和维持某种秩序,就必须规约人们的行为。这是因为:第一,权力是必要的“恶”,必须规约权力使用者的行为。第二,冲突和合作是人类行为的基本模式。要建立和维持秩序,就必须规约人们的行为,使人们进行合作,使人们追求利益的积极行为在一定秩序内持续进行。第三,人的理性是有限的。人是感性和理性的结合体,人不可能总是理性。人有可能做出破坏秩序的行为。因此,要建立和维持秩序,就必须规约人的行为。

On Logical Point of Departure in Arrangement of Political Institution

Institutional arrangement means regularization of people's behavior and establishment and maintenance of certain order. The author reasons that establishing and maintaining order requires regulation of people's behavior. First, power is a necessary evil. So, behaviors of the people with power should be regularized. Secondly, conflicts and cooperation are the basic model of human behaviors. To establish and maintain order requires that people's behaviors be regularized so that cooperation can be promoted. Meanwhile, activities aimed at benefits may continue but should be in accordance with the social order. Thirdly, human rationality is limited, for humans are of a mixture of sensitivity and rationality. We cannot expect a man to be reasonable all the time. It is likely that man might behave badly and break the order. Therefore, human behaviors must be regularized before order can be established and maintained.