桂林市水资源可持续利用定量测度与动态分析

为了定量评价水资源可持续利用的状态和程度,在阐述水资源足迹内涵的基础上,通过构建实体水消费、产品水消耗和生态水需求等账户对2000年-2009年桂林市的水资源利用进行定量测度,并根据水资源匮乏度和万元GDP水资源足迹等评价指标对其进行动态分析.结果表明:10年来,桂林市的水资源足迹总体呈上升趋势,水资源的利用越来越接近不可持续的临界状态；实体水消费在水资源足迹中占的比重最大,而农业灌溉用水又占据了实体水消费的80％以上,今后应进一步调整产业结构,减少传统农业尤其是猪肉、牛肉等水资源密集型产品的生产,大力发展电子信息产业和旅游业；尽管万元GDP水资源足迹逐步下降,但与国内发达地区相比还存在很大差距,水资源的利用效率和效益还应进一步提高.

Quantitative Measurement and Dynamic Analysis of Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources in Guilin City

The water resources footprint concept has been developed as an indicator of water use in relation to the consumption of people. The water resources footprint of a city is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants of the city. Closely linked to the water resources footprint concept is the virtual water concept. Virtual water is defined as the volume of water required to produce a commodity or service. The water resources footprint of a city can be assessed by taking the use of domestic water resources, subtracting the virtual water flow that leaves the city and adding the virtual water flow that enters the city. Based on water resources footprint, water resources utilization was measured quantitatively in Guilin city from 2000 to 2009, and analyzed dynamically on the basis of the evaluation index of water resources scarcity and water resources footprint per ten thousand CNY GDP. We found that the water resources footprint of Guilin in 2009 was 7.826×10⁹m³, per capita water resources footprint was 1529.62m³, the water resources footprint of entity water consumption was 4.209×10⁹m³, the water resources footprint of production water consumption was 2.54×10⁹m³, and the water resources footprint of ecological water requirements was 1.077×10⁹m³. The water resources carrying capacity was 10.548×10⁹m³, per capita water resources carrying capacity was 2061.65m³, the water resources scarcity was 0.74, the water resources footprint per ten thousand CNY GDP was 832.07m³. The water resources footprint has been increasing for Guilin city over the past decade, and water resource utilization is more and more close to an unsustainable critical state. Although water resources footprint per ten thousand CNY GDP has been declining steadily in Guilin, compared to other developed domestic areas there is still a large gap.