清代科举异地考试制度

人口流动规模膨胀、分地定额制的推行导致异地考试成为越来越普遍的社会问题。清代对异地考试实行部分放开的政策,允许符合条件的移居年久者入籍参加当地考试,对人口稀少的边地采取变通性措施,设立商籍解决盐商子弟异地考试问题,许可具有特定身份而非直隶籍者参加顺天乡试。通过为异地考试者单独确定学额或中额的措施,使不同阶层或不同地区间科举利益的冲突趋于弱化和隐蔽。清政府严格限制制度范围外的异地考试,采用防惩结合的思路治理冒籍跨考问题。研究清代异地考试制度对当前异地高考政策的改革及决策有重要的借鉴意义。

The System of Attending Imperial Examination in Other Place in the Qing Dynasty

Because of the expansion of population movement and the practice of quota system,attending imperial examination in other place has become increasingly a common social problem.The government in the Qing Dynasty practises part-open policy for attending imperial examination in other place and allows those migrators for many years to attend local examination.In addition,it takes flexible measures in sparsely populated border areas,establishes a commercial register for the children of salt merchants to attend imperial examination,and permits those with specific identity while without Zhili register to attend Provincial examination in Shuntian.By providing places for those attending examination in other place separately,the conflicts of interests in Imperial Examination among different classes or different regions tend to be weakened and hidden.The Qing Government strictly limits attending imperial examination in other place outside the system and governs the examinees with false registered residence by precautions and punishment.The research on the system of attending imperial examination in other place in the Qing dynasty is of great importance for current policy reform of attending college entrance examination in other place.