先秦科学方法论与推类逻辑

“类”、“故”、“理”这三个范畴,是先秦科学方法论的高度概括和浓缩。墨家最先提出“类”、“故”、“理”三个范畴并以之作为推类的逻辑法则。古代中国人重“实”,突出地表现为强调用实践效果或实际效用来证明某种思想、理论或知识是否为“真理”。这种“效验”论,实质是中国古代的科学证明论,其逻辑方法就是墨家提出的“效”式推理。

Judging Ancient China Logic from Pre - Qin Dynasty Scientific Methodology

Analogy,reason and inference,these three categories are summary and concentration of high degree about scientific methodology.The Mohist School first advanced analogy,reason and inference,taking these three categories as logical-thinking law.The ancient Chinese people attached importance to practice,showing an evident expression of emphasizing at proving some idea,theory and knowledge to be truth or not by practical effect and actual function.This kind of effect theory is positively the scientific proving theory of ancient China,its logical method is the effect inference by Mohist School.In short,a certain kind of scientific methodology determines logic of the same kind.