日本综合学科高中改革现状与发展困境研究

日本综合学科高中是20世纪90年代诞生的新型高中,主要以普职课程融通和科目选修制为特点,将升学为主的普通教育和就业为主的职业教育融合在一所学校体系内。综合学科高中发展至今已形成了较为完备的制度体系,主要体现在三级教育管理体制、办学规模、课程设置、学分制课程管理方式、校外学分认定及毕业生双向出路等方面。但综合学科高中也面临发展中的深层困境,如政府后期财政投入不足、高中序列化问题加剧、课程优势削弱、教师队伍建设不充分以及"重升学、轻就业"倾向凸显等。日本综合学科高中在多样化、个性化教育改革中独有的优势逐渐消失,重新构建综合学科作为第三学科的主体性和独特性是其进一步发展的关键。

On the Reform Realities and Development Predicament of Comprehensive-subject High Schools in Japan

Japan’s comprehensive-subject high school is a new type of high school born in the 1990s.It is characterized by the integration of general subjects and vocational subjects and subject elective system.It integrates the general education aiming at promoting to higher education and vocational education aiming to employment into one school system.The development of comprehensive-subject high school has formed a relatively complete institutional system,which is mainly reflected in three-level educational management system,school scale,curriculum setting,credit system curriculum management mode,off campus credit recognition and graduates’ two-way outlet.Comprehensive-subject high school is also facing deep difficulties in development,such as insufficient financial investment from the government in the later stage,aggravation of high school serialization problems,weakening of curriculum advantages,inadequate construction of teacher contingent,and prominent tendency of "emphasizing academic promotion and despising employment".The unique advantages of comprehensive-subject high school in Japan in the reform of diversified and personalized education are gradually disappearing.The key to its further development is to reconstruct the comprehensive subject as the subjectivity and uniqueness of the third subject.