不同训练阶段下我国优秀游泳运动员形态结构的比较研究

以界定我国优秀游泳运动员各训练阶段为切入点，在研究游泳运动员专项形态基础上，比较其在不同训练阶段下的形态差异。结果表明：我国游泳女子运动员的专项提高阶段为13～15岁，最佳竞技阶段为16～22岁，竞技保持阶段为23～26岁，男子各阶段相对女子晚1～2年。此外，游泳专项特征主要体现在“倒三角”的体型、身高、臂长和质量较高的肌肉群4个方面。不同训练阶段下游泳运动员形态特征为：不论男女，在专项提高阶段，形态上某些指标尚具有一定的发育与挖掘潜力，相对于最佳竞技和竞技保持阶段，不具有形态上的专项优势，其差异性主要表现在基本形态因子上；最佳竞技阶段与竞技保持阶段的形态差异不具有显著性。

The Comparative Research on Body Shape Structure of Swimming Athletes in Different Train Stage

This paper divided each training stage of swimming athlete,and studying the characteristic of body shape in each training stage,then comparing the different appearance on swimming athlete of different train the stage,the result indicated that 13-15 years old is the particularly-item raises stage of swimming the female athlete of our country,the best tournament stage is 16-22 years old,keep contesting stage as 23-26 years olds.Each stage of man is later 1-2 years than that of woman;Moreover,the main characteristic of body shape of swimming athlete is long arm,higher height,"inverted triangle" type of figure and higher quantity of muscles.The body shape characteristic of different training stage of swimming athlete is as follows.In spite of men and women,at particularly-item raises stage,some index signs of body shape have certain growth and potential but opposite the best tournament and tournament keep stage,don't have advantage on the particularly body shape;on the best tournament stage,each appearance index sign is mature,the possibility further perfect is not big.