美国档案解密管理:制度、实践及启示

美国在档案解密管理制度建设和实践发展方面积累了丰富经验,可为我国提供诸多有益的借鉴和启示。美国档案解密管理法规制度主要包括法律、总统行政令和部门规章三个层面,其实践历程可以分为基本没有解密活动的萌芽期（1951—1972）,以系统解密审查、强制解密审查为建设内容的形成期（1972—1995）,以自动解密为建设内容的发展期（1995—2009）和以酌情解密方式和国家解密中心的建立为标志的成熟期（2009至今）四个时期。美国档案解密管理制度建设和实践发展启示我国要健全档案解密管理法规制度体系,建立完善的档案解密管理工作机构,建设高效的档案解密管理运行机制。

American Management of Archives Declassification: System,Practice and Enlightenments

United States has accumulated rich experience in system construction and practice of archives declassification,which could provide a lot of useful reference and enlightenment for China. United States’ regulatory system of archives declassification mainly include statute law,presidential executive order and regulations of agencies. And its’practice development can be divided into four periods: germination stage with basically no declassification activity（1951-1972）,formation period focusing on construction of system declassification review and mandatory review（1972-1995）,development period focusing mainly on construction of automation declassification review（1995-2009）,and maturation period with the sign of construction of discretionary declassification review and National Declassification Center（2009 to date）. Studying the system construction and practice development of United States,this paper draws three points of enlightenments for China’s management of archives declassification: amplifying the regulation system, establishing and improving working organizations and constructing effective operating mechanism.