《诗·大田》等篇所见“四方祭祀”考辩

文章尝试对四方祭祀的一般情况进行梳理，并且对“四方”这一重要概念进行探讨。关于四方祭祀的属性问题，古今存在两说，即属于地神祭祀还是天神祭祀。在“四方考”一节中，通过对（（诗经》’中（（大田》、（（甫田》、《云汉》等诗篇的考辩，分析五帝属性及祭天的仪式，认为四方祭祀非地神祭祀而为天神祭祀。。四方祭祀实为四时祭祀，祭祀仪式为四郊迎气。

A Textual Research of Four Directions Worship Recorded in the writings of Datian ~ The Book of Songs

The paper attempts to study the general condition of Four Directions Worship and the key concept of ＂four directions＂. There are two opinions as to the nature of Worship of Four Directions in the history： it is to worship earth or heaven. Based on the textual research of Datian, Futian and Yunhan and the analysis of the attributes of the Five Emperors, this paper deems that Worship of Four Directions is to worship heaven instead of earth. Worship of Four Directions is in essence to worship four seasons and the ceremony is to celebrate four special occasions （advent of spring, summer, autumn and winter） in Chinese lunar calendar.