试论古汉语句子的焦点和焦点的凸显方式

古汉语与现代汉语比较起来,一个突出的差异是其灵活的词序变化,变化词序的目的是为了强调和凸显句子中的信息焦点。文章将信息焦点理论引进古汉语语法研究领域,并初步尝试运用该理论解释古汉语灵活的词序变化现象。受事宾语前置是古汉语中一种常见的词序变化,作者认为,在宾语前置结构中,只有当宾语后有焦点标记词时,前置的宾语才是被强调的对象,即句子的焦点;没有出现焦点标记词的宾语前置结构中,前置的宾语不是焦点。

On the Sentence Focus of Classical Chinese

word order,which is one of the most notable difference between classical and modern Chinese,is to stress and sign the focus of a sentence.this paper attempts to induct the theory of focus into classical chinese and apply this theory to explaining the changes of word order of classical Chinese.The author considers that in classical Chinese,only with a hind focus marker appearing,the prepositive object in a sentence is the focus of the sentence.