原油中氯的来源、危害及其防护措施

原油中的氯以无机氯和有机氯的形式存在，无机氯主要是存在于原油中的无机氯盐，有机氯主要为原油固有以及在原油开采、处理、运输等过程外加助剂所带人的含氯化合物。电脱盐工艺可脱除大部分无机氯，但基本不能脱除有机氯。含氯化合物在原油加工过程中会发生降解反应产生氯离子而腐蚀设备，也会使催化剂中毒，降低催化剂的活性。消除原油中氯的危害的主要防护措施有优化操作提高脱盐率、加强注剂工艺防护、提升设备材质等。分析研究原油中的含氯化合物类型、分布及分解规律、相应的防护措施是今后的研究方向。

The Origin,Harm and Protection of Chlorides in the Crude Oil

The chlorine in the crude oil presents in the form of inorganic chlorine and organochlorines. Inorganic chlorine is mainly presented in the crude inorganic chloride. The organic chlorine major crude inherent in the process of crude oil extraction, processing, transportation plus additives into chlorine compounds. Electric desalting process can remove most of the inorganic chlorine, but it can＇t remove the organ- ic chlorine. Chlorine compounds in the crude oil occur degradation reaction to produce the chloride ions and to generate corrosive medimn hydrogen chloride, thus leading to equipment corrosion. Chloride ions also lead to catalyst poisoning and reduce the activity of the catalyst. Protective measures to eliminate the hazards of chlorine in the crude oil have to optimize operations to improve desalination rate, agent injec- tion process protection and equipment material. The type of chlorine compounds, the distribution and the decomposition rules in the crude oil, and protective measures are the directions of future research.