比较视角下的政府组织适度规模：路径与方向

政府组织规模的过度扩张带来了行政效率低下、财政负担沉重、公权力寻租久禁不止、第三部门发展滞后等不良后果。经过上个世纪70年代以来的四次机构改革,中国的政府规模扩张问题尚未得到根本解决。美、英等国通过政府职能社会化、分权等新公共管理取向的改革实现了"小政府"的目标。中国应通过促进政府职能的分散化、强化政府组织规模的财政约束机制、完善政府组织编制立法、完善政府组织机构及公务员的开放式竞争机制和绩效评价机制、提高行政效率等途径实现政府组织的适度规模。

A Comparative Analysis on Government Scale:Routines & Directions

Overexpansion of the government scale will cause problems such as low administrative ef- ficiency,heavy fiscal burden,rent-seeking of public power and the underdevelopment of the third sector. Although several organizational reforms have taken place in Chinese government,the problem of the over- expansion of the government scale has not been radically solved.Countries like the United States and UK achieved the goal of"small government"through New-Public-Management-oriented reforms such as the socialization of government functions and decentralization.Borrowing experiences from abroad,China can adapt the government to appropriate scale by enhancing the decentralization of government functions, strengthening the fiscally restrictive mechanism of the government scale,perfecting the legislation of gov- ernment organization planning,improving the open competition and performance evaluation mechanism of government organization and civil servants and promoting the administrative efficiency.