突发性环境污染事件的应对及补偿策略研究

近些年来，我国突发性环境污染事故频发。当事故发生后，污染物的积累和迁移转化会引起多种衍生的环境效应，给生态系统和人类社会造成间接的危害，如造成区域生态功能长期严重丧失或濒危物种生存环境遭到污染。为了最大限度地消除突发性环境污染事件给生态环境造成的中、长期影响，就必须对其进行人工补偿，使其恢复到原来或所期望的状态。但由于目前我国在补偿政策以及相关法律、法规等方面，尚存在着诸如投诉主体的缺位、生态损失评估缺乏客观性和科学性以及补偿费用不足等一些问题，在客观上使得公共环境损害往往得不到应有的补偿，从而引发了诸多的社会矛盾。建立全方位的补偿机制，将生态损失纳入到环境污染损害补偿的范围内，是当前理论界急需解决的问题。

Research on Sudden Environmental Pollution Accidents for Compensation Strategies of Ecological Damage

Recent years, sudden environmental pollution accidents occurs all over the country. The accumulation, migration and transformation of pollutants will cause many kinds of descendible environmental effects after the incidents, which indirectly caused the harm to ecosystems and human society. For example, causing serious long - term regional ecological functions lost or the habitat of those endangered species being polluted. It is obvious that artificial compensation must be done to make it back to the original or desired state, for that, eliminating medium or long range influences on ecosystem which are brought about by those sudden environmental pollution incidents. However, because of the current compensation policy for our country, as well as relevant laws, regulations, etc. , still exist in a number of issues such as the absence of the main complaints, being devoid of objective and scientific ecological damage assessment and the lack of compensation, public environmental damage often fail to receive deserved compensation objectively, which led to many social conflicts. So urgent problems that should be solved by the current theoretical circles are to set up a full range of compensatory mechanisms and bring ecological lost into the range of environmental pollution damage compensation.