广州运输业农民工身心健康和体育行为的研究

目的：通过对广州运输业农民工体质健康、心理健康和体育行为阶段的研究,为今后增加农民工整体健康状况制定干预方案提供科学支撑。方法：运用随机整群抽样法抽取90名20～40岁健康运输业农民工（以下简称农民工）,其中男46名,女44名。并于2011/5/24完成了对调查对象的体质健康测试和问卷调查。结果农民工BMI平均为22.1±3.6（男23.3±3.9;女20.8±2.8,P〈0.01）,其中男女正常体重分别为39.1%和62.8%、超重率为50.0%和20.9%、低体重率为10.9%和15.9%。农民工背力平均为82.3±34.4kg（男110.6±20.4;女51.3±12.9,P〈0.001）,显著低于广州农民（P〈0.001）。闭眼单脚站立时间平均为19.0±20.9s（男21.0±24.9;女16.8±15.6,P〉0.05）,平衡力及格及以上男性为46.7%,女性为52.4%。左/右手后勾平均为-0.2±9.9/5.9±6.5mm（男-2.4±11.2/4.1±8.1;女2.2±7.9/7.9±3.4,P〈0.05/P〈0.01）,其中66.7%左手后勾和88.2%右手后勾达到良好。30s30次蹲起试验的心功指数平均为10.9±4.1（男10.4±4.3,女11.3±3.9,P〉0.05）,近六成人员心功能力在一般以下;约四成人群为高血压或高血压高危人群。农民工SCL-90各因子躯体化高于全国成人常模（P〈0.05）;而强迫（P〈0.05）、人际敏感（P〈0.05）、忧郁（P〈0.05）、焦虑（P〈0.05）、敌对（P〈0.05）、恐怖（P〉0.05）、偏执（P〈0.05）、精神病性症状（P〉0.05）等因子则低于全国常模。锻炼行为阶段显示整体中仅9.1%男性有参与规律体育锻炼。结论：广州运输业农民工总体体质状况不乐观,具体表现在总体身体成分不合理,超重率较高;平衡能力、腰背肌肉力量较差;存在高血压症状和风险比例多,定量负荷时心功能较差;柔韧性较好,但应警惕左肩及男性柔韧性的下降;总体心理健康状况较好,但从事体育锻炼的行为和意识不足,女性由为突出。

Research on Physical and Mental Health and Sports Behavior for Peasant Workers of Transportation Trade in Guangzhou

This paper investigated the health of physical and mental and the sport s behavior of the peasant workers of transportation trade in Guangzhou,aimed to afford science suppose to prepare the intervening project for enhancing the whole kelter of peasant workers.Methods:The 90 health peasant workers of transportation trade(the peasant workers for short) aged 20-40 years old(46 males and 74 females) were measured by questionnaire and physical measurements at the date of 2011/5/24.Results:The mean of BMI was 22.1±3.6(males 23.3±3.9;females 20.8±2.8,P<0.01).The percent of normal weight,overweight and low-weight for males and females were 39.1% and 62.8%,50.0% and 20.9%,10.9% and 15.9%,respectively.The mean of the strength for the small of the back was 82.3±34.4kg(110.6±20.4kg and 51.3±12.9kg for males and females,P<0.001) was lower significance than the peasants of Guangzhou.The mean time of standing on one foot with eyes closed showing balance ability was 19.0±20.9s(male 21.0±24.9s;female 16.8±15.6s,P>0.05) and 46.7% of males and 52.4% of females achieved to pass muster and the above.The average of shoulder flexibility test was-0.2±9.9/5.9±6.5mm(males-2.4±11.2/4.1±8.1mm;females 2.2±7.9/7.9±3.4mm,P<0.05/P<0.01);66.7% and 88.2% of migrant workers for left and right shoulder flexibility reached to level of wellness.The cardiac index that was calculated by 30 up-downs at 30s was 10.9±4.1(males 10.4±4.3;females 11.3±3.9,P>0.05);approximately 60% of whole belonged to general and below level for cardiac function and approximately 40% peasant workers was the people of hypertension or hypertension prophase.The somatization factor of SCL90 was higher significant than the national norm(P<0.05),but the other factor(obsessive-compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic,paranoid) excluding the mental factor(P>0.05) were all lower significant than the national norm(P<0.05).The survey of sports behavior showed only 9.1% of male peasant workers participated regularly in physical exercise.Conclusions:The whole health state of transportation trade peasant workers were unoptimistic.The specific circumstances displayed body composition was unreasonable;the percent of overweight was higher;the balance ability and the back muscle strength were poor;the rate of high blood pressure and risk were higher;the flexibility for shoulder was well but the flexibility of males and left shoulder were increase;the whole mental health state was well;however,the behavior and awareness engaging in physical exercise were inadequate,especially women.