清末新式社团与士绅的转变——以南昌地区为中心

清末新政时期，科举制的废除使士绅阶层失去了传统的政治优势。但政府推行的发展实业、新式教育及地方自治等改革措施，又为其提供了新的历史契机。在政府指令的运作下，地方社会相应成立了商会、自治会、谘议局等新式社团和自治机构。士绅借助于这些新式社团和自治机构，广泛参与各种地方事务，在角逐地方权力的过程中实现了社会重组。新式社团和地方自治机构的出现，分享了地方政府的行政权力，促成了地方社会的自治化进程。

The New Social Groups and the Change in Form of the Gentry Strata in the Late Qing Dynasty--Centering on Nanchang District

In the new political system of the late Qing Dynasty, the progressive enterprises advocated by the Qing government, as well as reform measures such as the new forms of education and forms of local government, provided new historic opportunities for the gentry strata. In this period, the Nanchang local government established a set of new administrative bureaus, and local society in response also set up chambers of commerce, associations for local governance, consultative bodies, and other new kinds of social groups and autonomous organizations, and broadly participated in a wide range of local affairs. Through the process of struggling for local power, local society underwent a re - organization. The appearance of these new kinds of social groups and local autonomous organizations led to a sharing of the administrative powers of the local government and facilitated the process of the development of local social autonomy.