论如何完善交通事故认定的规则

近年来，随着机动车保有量的不断增长，交通事故与公众的联系日渐密切。而作为交通事故处理的关键环节，交通事故认定存在着规则不清晰、不统一的局面，引发了大量的争议。通过分析可知，交通事故认定实质上是一种行政确认行为，而行政确认是要式行政行为、羁束行政行为的特点，也迫切需要制定完善统一明确的技术规范。交通事故认定规则的完善，需要避免和道路交通行政执法观念重叠，而“险情避让理论”较为符合交通事故形成的客观原理。根据这个理论模型推导，结合法律条文，交通事故认定的基本原则可概括为因果关系原则和过错责任原则。交通事故认定的因果关系原则，指交通事故当事人责任的确定，应该在与交通事故的发生及损害后果有因果关系的行为范围内确定。过错责任原则，指在认定当中，要根据当事人主客观过错的大小，来划分当事人的责任。

On How to Improve Traffic Accident Identification Rules

In recent years, with the continuous increase of vehicle possession, the relation between traffic accidents and the public is increasingly close. However, as the key link of traffic accident treatment, the current traffic accident identification is not clear and unified, resulting in a large number of disputes. Through analysis, it is known that traffic accident identification is essen-tially a kind of administrative identification act, while administra-tive identification is the feature of formal administrative act and strict administrative act, so it is imperative to draw up a perfect, unified and clear technical specification. The improvement of traffic accident identification should avoid the overlapping with the concepts of traffic administration, while the ＆quot;risk avoidance theory＆quot;is more suitable for the objective principle of the forma-tion of traffic accidents. According to this theory, combining with legal provisions, the basic principles of traffic accident identifica-tion can be concluded as the principle of causality and the prin-ciple of liability for fault. The former means that the identification of the responsibility of a traffic accident should be undertook within the scope of causality on the occurrence and damage of the accident, while the latter means that the identification should be in accordance with the degree of objective and subjective faults of the parties so as to divide the responsibilities of the parties.