沙场之骁将 治国之能臣——解读《史记·曹相国世家》

曹参一生分为两个时期：一是随刘邦起事逐鹿中原,二是为相治国。作为名将,他功评第一,应有可歌可泣的地方,但司马迁忽略不计,把记事重点放在后期,原因首先在于他记事有自己的原则。其次是为韩信鸣冤,认为曹参真正功劳应在＂萧规曹随＂,为汉朝振兴打下基础。再次是有意彰显汉初的无为而治,与《酷吏列传》遥相比照,针砭汉武帝的多欲政治。曹参清静无为并非保身,而是以进为守,在治理好朝廷中求自保。至于说他陷惠帝于无所作为,是无稽之谈,不值一辩。

An Interpretation of The Hereditary House of Cao Premier in Records of the Historian

Cao Can＇ s life can be divided into two phases ： one is the period when he followed Liu Bang in his uprising and various subsequent battles, and the other is the time when he administered state affairs as premier. As a famous general, Cao Can ranked first for his military feats which are worthy of much compli- ment but neglected by Shi Maqian who focused on Cao＇ s second-phase activities. The causes for Shi Maqian＇ s approach to Cao Can in Records of the Historician can be thus summed up： firstly, Shi Maqian had his own principle of recording specific personages and events; secondly, Ma meant to voice grievances for Han Xin, for Cao was, in Ma＇ s opinion, actually accredited with ＂his following the rules set by Xiao He＂ , which laid a solid foundation for the rejuvenation of the Han tempt to highlight the practice of governing by noninterference Dynasty; thirdly , such an approach is an at- at the early stage of the Han Dynasty--a criti- cism of and advice-offering for the over-greedy politics in the reign of Emperor Liu Che as a contrast to Biog- raphies of Oppressive Feudal Officials ~ Cao Cart＇s composed and non-interfering stance in his approach to personages and affairs is not intended for his self-rescue rather than a tactics of advancing in order to defend and thus safeguard himself in his administration of state affairs. As for the gossip of Cao Can getting Emperor Xian in a state of inertia is sheer nonsense, hence no need for debate.