明朝后期满汉两族统治阶级之间的斗争

明万历四十四年(公元1616年),努尔哈赤在赫图阿拉(辽宁新宾)地区建立国家,即大汗位,国名“大金”(又称“后金”),从此,金和明成了不容并存的两个对立政权,它们之间爆发了一连串的战争。明天启六年(1626年),皇太极继承汗位,次年改族名“建州女真”为“满洲”,明崇祯九年(1636年)在沈阳称帝并改国号为“清”,两个封建政权之间的矛盾进一步加剧。明与金(清)的矛盾和战争,只是由于满、汉两族统治阶级之间的利害冲突而引起,并非两族之间的矛盾和战争。同时,无论满洲贵族还是明统治者对于明末农民起义采取了同样的仇视和残酷镇压态度。

Struggle between the Ruling Classes of Man and Han Nationalities during the Later Period of Ming Dynasty

In the 44th year of emperor Wan Li of Ming dynasty (1616), Nuerhachi set up his state named after big Jin (Latter Jin was its another name) in the area of Hetuala (Presently Xin Bin of Liao Ning Province), and came to the throne of Ta Han (mean emperor or king). Since then did emerge two powers in opposition to each other , each side determined to exterminate the opposite , thus began a succession of wars between them. At the 6th year of emperor Tian Qi of Ming dynasty Huang Taiji succeded the throne of Ta Han, next year the nationality of Jianzhou Nuzhen was renamed after Manchuria. The 9th year of emperor Chong Zhen of Ming dynasty (1636), Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor, changed the official title of his regime into Qing, so that contradictions between the two feudal powers became more acute. The contradiction and war between Ming and Qing authorities arised just from the conflict of interest of the two ruling classes of Han and Man Nationalities , which can' t be regarded as conflicts between people of the two nationalities. Between the aristocracy of Manchuria and rulers of Ming dynastv there wasn' t any difference in their attitude toward peasants uprising. Both were hostile to it and showed no mercy in suppression of their effort.