教育改善贫困的证据:基于微观社会调查的实证分析

利用中国健康营养调查1989-2015年12个省份46921个微观调查数据,以居民受教育水平作为教育的表征指标,对教育改善贫困的效果进行检验。研究结果表明,无论对于绝对贫困还是相对贫困的改善,教育均存在显著的正向效应。教育对相对贫困的改善具有独特的时空特征。从时间趋势看,教育对于相对贫困的改善作用正在逐步趋缓;从城乡差异看,教育对城镇地区相对贫困的改善能力明显高于农村地区,且近年来存在进一步分化的趋势;从区域分布看,教育对相对贫困的改善效果中部地区最高,西部地区次之,东部地区最低。同时,教育对相对贫困人口收入的影响呈现出"先抑后扬"的趋势,由抑制逐渐转变为促进收入的增长,在提高相对贫困人口收入方面开始发挥越来越重要的作用。

Evidence for Poverty Alleviation Through Education:An Empirical Analysis Based on a Microsocial Survey

Based on a survey of 46,921 samples covering 12 provinces in China between 1989 and 2015 conducted by the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS),this paper examined the effect of education on poverty alleviation by taking the education level of residents as an indicator of education.The results show that education has a significantly positive effect on the alleviation of both absolute poverty and relative poverty,and that education is characterized by its spatial-temporal nature in its alleviation of relative poverty.In the dimension of time,the effect of education on the alleviation of relative poverty gradually slows down;in the dimension of urban-rural differences,such effect in urban areas is significantly greater than that in rural areas,and tends to be further differentiated in recent years;in the dimension of regional distribution,such effect is the greatest in the central areas,followed by the western areas and the eastern areas;and the effect of education on the income of relatively impoverished population is small at the beginning but becomes great afterwards,indicating that education plays an increasingly significant role in the increase of the income of relatively impoverished population.