大学通识课程体系范式变革:从学科逻辑向生活实践逻辑的转换

在当代哲学已从“科学理性主义”向“生活实践世界”转向背景下,基于“理性主义—学科逻辑”建构的、以哈佛大学为代表的西方主流通识教育“核心课程”体系面临从理论到现实的诸多问题与困境。基于“生活世界—实践逻辑”建构的通识教育“四元四维”课程体系,从哲学基础、建构逻辑、要素结构、宗旨目的等诸多方面对西方经典“核心课程”体系进行了全面解构和重构,是适应新时代要求的通识教育课程体系的范式变革。“四元”指人的生存发展的四个主要领域或场域,即学会做人、学会做事、学会学习和学会研究;“四维”指人的精神发展的四个维度或层次,即本体论、认识论、实践论和价值论。“四元”与“四维”之间有着深刻内涵与严密逻辑关联,即:学会做人—追求完美—价值论,学会做事—追求仁义—实践论,学会学习—追求至善—认识论,学会研究—追求真理—本体论,从而形成“四元四维”课程体系的“空间结构圆锥模型”和“逻辑结构矩阵模型”。“四元四维”课程体系,以“形而中”的人的生活世界为中介将“形而下”的物质生产的“科学世界”与“形而上”的人的精神发展的“理念世界”结合、贯通、统一起来,其最终目的、旨归与马克思“人的全面发展”的教育理想及“人的自由解放”的社会理想相契合。

The Paradigm Change of University General Curriculum System: From Subject Logic to Life Practice Logic

Under the background of the contemporary philosophical turn from "scientific rationalism" to "life and practice world",the western mainstream general education system of "core curriculum", which is based on "rationalism-subject logic" construction and represented by Harvard University,face many problems and predicaments both in theory and practice.Based on "life world-practice logic",The "four fields and four dimensions" course system of general education,is the comprehensive deconstruction and reconstruction of western classic "core curriculum" system from aspects like philosophical foundation, logic construction,element structure, objective purpose,and also represents the paradigm change of the general education curriculum system to adapt to demands of the new era."Four fields" refers to the four main fields of human survival and development, namely learning to be a good person, learning to do things, learning to learn and learning to do research;"Four dimensions" refer to the four aspects or levels of human spiritual development, namely ontology, epistemology, practice and axiology."Four fields" and "four dimensions" has a profound connotation and strict logic, i.e., learning to be a good person-the pursuit of perfection--value theory, learn to do things--the pursuit of righteousness--practice, learning to learn-the pursuit of supreme good-- epistemology, learn to do research--the pursuit of truth-- ontology, so the "four fields and four dimensional" curriculum system presents the construction of " cone model" and "matrix model".The "four fields and four dimensional" general education course system , with "practical" life world as intermediary,combine, connect and unify the "physical" material production of "scientific world" with the "metaphysical " spiritual development of "concept world".Its ultimate purpose is highly compatible with Marx's educational ideal of "man's all-round development" and social ideal of "man's freedom and liberation".