从入口到出口:家庭背景对高等教育公平的影响——来自2017年全国高校毕业生就业调查的证据

文章利用2017年全国高校毕业生就业调查数据,从高等教育入口、过程到出口全过程考察了家庭背景对高等教育公平的影响,研究发现:高等教育全过程均受到来自家庭背景的显著性影响,但在不同阶段影响来源和影响程度不同。在高等教育入学机会数量上,受家庭城乡背景和经济背景的影响最大。在入学机会质量和学业表现上,受家庭教育背景影响最大。在高等教育的出口就业阶段,受家庭经济背景影响最大。总体看,受家庭背景限制而带来的高等教育不公问题主要发生在高等教育出口阶段,其次是入口阶段。这说明在重要的人生"拐点"上,优势家庭背景的孩子占据了绝对的优势,这种优势随着时间的累积不断强化形成在下一个人生"拐点"上的更高"起点"。

Research on the impact of family background on equity in higher education from entry to exit

Based on the data from 2017 sample survey of Chinese higher education institutions, this paper analyses the impact of the family background on the equity of higher education from the entry, process to exit and finds that:1) The whole process of higher education is significantly influenced by family background. However, the sources and degrees of the impact are different at different stages of higher education. 2) The number of higher education opportunities is most affected by the family location and economic backgrounds. In terms of the quality of higher education and academic performance, the family educational background is the most important influence factor. At the exit stage of higher education, it is the family’s economic background that is the most important factor. 3) In general, the inequality of higher education caused by family background mainly occurs at the exit stage of higher education, followed by the entrance stage. This shows that in the important "turning point" of student’s life, the children from better family background occupy an absolute advantage and the advantage is continuously strengthened with time, thus forming a higher "starting point" on the next "turning point" of life.