Emergence of a new satellite RNA from cucumber mosaic virus isolate P1

The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolate P1 caused very mild symptoms on many plant species After serial passages by mechanical inoculation over five years, CMV P1 caused severe symptoms on several tobacco cultivars and tomato. A specific band of approximately 0.3 kb in length was amplified by RT-PCR with primers synthesized based on reported CMV satellite RNA (satRNA) sequences. Sequence analysis showed there were two satRNAs (Sat-P1-1 and Sat-P1-2). Sat-P1-1 contained 335 nucleotides, and Sat-P1-2 contained 394 nucleotides. These two satRNAs shared 64% overall nucleotide sequence homology, and differences between the two satRNAs included mutations as well as deletions. Sat-P1-1 was identical to a satRNA (Z96099) reported in 1995 in CMV P1. Based on differences in the sequence and secondary structure between these two satRNAs, we conclude that Sat-P1-2 represents the emergence of a new satellite (necrotic satellite) from attenuated satRNA populations. The possible effect of the emergence of this new satRNA is discussed. Project supported by research grants from the Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Teachers in Higher Education Institutes of the Ministry of Education of China and by the National Outstanding Youth Foundations of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30125032). PhD student in Zhejiang University, from Agrarian University of Havana, Cuba.