An update on the cellular basis of atherosclerosis in hypertriglyceridemia

Chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are the major carriers of triglycerides (TG) in the plasma. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) which is characterized by elevated plasma TG can occur either by overproduction of VLDL triglycerides or lipoprotein particles, by the impaired catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins or a combined defect in TG metabolism. These abnormalities can result from primary (genetic) disorders or innumerable secondary effects (diet or disease). Primary causes of HTG include the familial hyperlipoproteinemias, types I,IIb, III, IV and V respectively. Secondary effects can arise due to carbohydrate, alcohol or diabetes induced HTG, obesity, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, excessive stress and trauma. Structural abnormalities and the consequent receptor mediated pathways in foam cell generation are discussed.