马相伯大学教育思想探析

马相伯是中国近代著名的私立大学创办人之一,先后创办了震旦学院、复旦公学,参与创办了辅仁大学,短暂执掌过北京大学.结合马相伯的心路历程,可观其对中国大学教育独特的设想和追求:为了实践教育救国之宏愿,马相伯年过六旬,不惜毁家兴学,先后创办震旦学院、复旦公学;在人才培养上,以融合中西、贯通文理为理念,设计了一套独具特色的大学课程体系;在学校管理上,以大学自治、学术自由为旨归,培养师生的民主意识和自治能力,强调大学之大,在道德高尚和学问高深;在大学与社会的关系上,为了避免当时政治和宗教的干扰,主张教育独立,并要求学生摒弃社会风气的不良影响,以获取真才实学为重.马相伯的大学教育思想既与西方大学精神的传统相契合,又有着强烈的国家富强和民族自立意识,今天仍具启发和借鉴意义.

On the University Education Thoughts of MA Xiang-bo

MA Xiang-bo,viewed as one of the most famous private university founders in modern China,successively established Zhen Dan College and Fu Dan Public School,participated in the establishment of Furen University,and charged Peking University for a short time.This paper explores Ma’s unique conceive and pursuit of university education.First,in order to practice the ambition of "education saves the nation",MA Xiang-bo,over sixty years old,successively founded Zhen Dan College and Fu Dan Public School even at the cost of destroying his own family.Second,he designed a unique system of university courses under the thought of "integrating East and West and connecting arts and sciences".Third,he aimed at university autonomy and academic freedom and cultivated the sense of democracy and autonomy of teachers and students and emphasized that great university lay in high morality and profound knowledge.Fourth,in order to avoid the political and religious interference,he advocated independent education and required the students to get rid of the negative impact of the social atmosphere to obtain genuine knowledge and skill.MA Xiang-bo’s university education thoughts not only fit with the tradition of western university spirit but also have a strong consciousness of national prosperity and independence,and today are still enlightening and significant for reference.