新中国农村土地制度变迁

新中国成立后，顺应不同历史时期的现实需要，进行了一系列农地制度重大改革和创新。土地改革废除了封建土地所有刺，建立了农民土地所有制，带来了建国初期农业生产的高速增长。社会主义过渡时期，从互助组逐步发展成立初级和高级农业生产合作社，集体土地所有制得以确立。人民公社制度对农村经济产生了严重破坏。家庭承包责任制重新确立了家庭自主经营的基础地位，实现了土地所有权和经营权的分离，极大地调动了农民的生产积极性。我国农村土地制度固有的农民土地产权残缺现象，导致农业生产在经历短期快速增长之后逐渐放缓。建立现代农地产权制度的关键是确权和完善土地要素市场。

Change of Agricultural Land System in P.R.C

Since The People’s Republic of China was established,China has carried out a series of major reform and innovation of agricultural land system in order to meet reality needs in different historical periods.Not only did Land reforms abolish feudal land ownership,but also set up farmers’ land ownership,as a result,it led to the rapid growth of agricultural production during the initial stage of new China.In the period of transition to socialism,land system was from mutual aid to primary and advanced agricultural production cooperatives,in the end,collective land ownership has been founded.However,the people’s commune system cause serious damage to the rural ecnomic.And then,Household Contract Responsibility System re-established the basis of the status of families operate independently,therefore,it resulted from the separation between land ownership and operating rights,at the same time,it greatly enhanced the peasants’ enthusiasm for production.Inherent incomplete phenomena of farmers’ land property rights in Chinese agricultural land system led to a gradual slowdown in agricultural production in the experience of short-term rapid growth.The key to establishing a modern property rights system of agricultural land is indeed the right and improve the land factor markets.