从康德的"理性批判"到卡西尔的"文化寻根"

被康德自喻为“哥白尼式革命”的“理性批判”,是对理性自身的能力进行追问,它只是建立在当时数学、物理学等自然科学的基础之上的,对自然科学前提和条件的追问。其结论是“知性为自然立法”。由于知性本身的普遍必然性也需要追问,所以这一结论处在无“根”的状态。卡西尔认为：神话、语言、艺术、宗教等也是人类的精神形式。其“化批判”从功能论出发,突破了康德狭隘的出发点,囊括了自然科学和人科学,并试图在承认各学科门类特殊性的前提下,找到整个化得以进行建构的尺度和根据——化之“根”。

From Kant's "Critique of Reason" to Cassirer's "Cultural Exploration"

Kant's "critique of reason" is a question on reason, which was based on natural sciences, such as mathematics, physics etc, and it pursued the premise and condition of natural sciences, which led to the conclusion: understanding has built the world's order. This conclusion lacked the root for culture. Cassirer considers that, myths, language, art, religion, etc are all spiritual forms of human being, and that his cultural criticism, covering both natural sciences and social sciences, from the angle of the theory of function, broke through Kant's narrow starting point and managed to find out the criterion and foundation on which the whole culture were to be constructed, namely the cultural root.